Spain's Climate Change Risks and Impacts Assessment (Evaluación de Riesgos e Impactos
derivados del Cambio Climático en España) ERICC-2025 constitutes the first comprehensive
national-scale exercise aimed at identifying, characterising and prioritising the climate-related
risks that affect the country's natural, productive and social systems. Its purpose is to provide a
sound scientific and methodological basis to guide the planning of public adaptation policies,
climate-risk management and the integration of the climate variable into strategic decision-making.
The development of ERICC-2025 fulfils Article 18 of Law 7/2021 of 20 May on Climate Change and
Energy Transition, which establishes the obligation to carry out periodic assessments of climate
impacts and risks at least every five years.
This assessment is an essential step in the adaptation-policy cycle and is key to implementing the
Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático 2021-2030 (PNACC), the main planning instrument promoting coordinated and coherent action in response to the effects of climate change in
Spain. Within this context, ERICC-2025 plays a fundamental role in knowledge generation one of
the strategic components of the PNACC by operationalising the assessment of climate risk. It also
constitutes the technical reference underpinning the forthcoming 2026-2030 work programme,
which will focus on implementing sectoral and territorial adaptation measures.
The report was prepared between 2023 and 2025 by a scientific-technical consortium comprising
the Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria (IH Cantabria), Tecnalia
Research & Innovation and the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), under the coordination of the OECC and with the collaboration of Fundación Biodiversidad. The process entailed an
extensive scientific and technical review, as well as the participation of experts and organisations
from diverse sectoral fields, thereby ensuring traceability, consistency and methodological coherence across chapters.